App logo

September 12, 2026

confound

/kənˈfaʊnd/verb

To puzzle or baffle someone completely.

Example sentences

  • “The sudden change of rules confounded even the referees.”
  • “Her quick recovery confounded the doctors' predictions.”

Survives in mild old oaths ('confound it!') and in statistics, where a confounding variable distorts results.

Related words